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Non-Life Insurance Rating Organization of Japan (GIROJ / 損害保险料率算出機構)

置信度: 大致可信 更新 2026-05-24 复核期限 2026-11-20 出处 7 机器翻译 原文（日）
#JapanFG#industry-body#statutory-corporation#insurance#non-life#rating-organization
本页目录

TL;DR

GIROJ (損害保险料率算出機構) is the statutory premium-rating body for Japan’s non-life insurance industry. It is established and authorized under the Act on Non-Life Insurance Rating Organizations (損害保险料率算出団体に関する法律, 1948) and operates two functionally distinct regimes — reference loss-cost (参考純率) for auto and fire insurance, which member insurers may use as a benchmark when filing their own premium scales, and standard premium rates (基準料率) for compulsory automobile-liability insurance (CALI / 自賠責) and earthquake insurance, which all participating insurers must use. GIROJ is therefore not an industry body in the GIAJ sense — it is a statutory authority with binding rate-calculation powers in specified lines.

Wiki route

本条目位于 financial-regulators INDEX. Read it with the non-life industry-body General Insurance Association of Japan, the life-side peer Life Insurance Association of Japan, and the statutory policyholder-protection counterpart Non-Life Insurance Policyholders Protection Corporation of Japan. Statutory backdrop sits at INDEX and insurance license and solvency route; the wider operator universe is in INDEX.

Legal route / statutory position (法令の根拠)

GIROJ is established under the Act on Non-Life Insurance Rating Organizations (損害保险料率算出団体に関する法律, Act No. 193 of 1948).1 The Act gives FSA-authorized rating organizations the power to calculate reference loss-costs and standard premium rates for specified non-life insurance lines, with the calculation methodology, data sources, and rate filings subject to FSA review per the insurance supervision guideline.2 FSA’s list of authorized juridical persons in the insurance lane recognises GIROJ as the rating organization.3

GIROJ was formed in 2002 by merger of the predecessor non-life rating organization and the automobile rating organization, consolidating fire / casualty rating and auto rating into a single body. This puts it structurally on the statutory-authority side (alongside DICJ and the protection corporations) rather than the industry-association side (GIAJ).

Function / scope

GIROJ’s published outline organises its work as:4

  1. Reference loss-cost calculation (参考純率) — calculation of expected loss-cost per unit of exposure for voluntary automobile insurance and fire insurance, based on pooled industry data. Member insurers may use these reference loss-costs as a benchmark when filing their own premium scales with the FSA, adding their own expense load and profit margin; they are not obligated to follow GIROJ’s reference values.
  2. Standard premium rate calculation (基準料率) — calculation of binding standard premium rates for compulsory automobile-liability insurance (自動車損害賠償責任保险 / CALI / 自賠責保险) and earthquake insurance (地震保险). For CALI, all licensed underwriters must use the standard rate per the Automobile Liability Security Act; for earthquake insurance, GIROJ rates feed into the government-backed earthquake reinsurance scheme.
  3. Loss-data collection and statistics — operation of the central industry database for claims data across the rated lines, with statistical and actuarial analysis published in periodic rate-revision reports.
  4. Damage assessment / catastrophe response — operation of damage assessment infrastructure for earthquake claims (which require coordinated industry-wide damage-survey logistics post-event).
  5. Research and policy input — actuarial research on natural-disaster loss modelling (earthquake, typhoon, flood), motor accident frequency / severity trends, and feedback into FSA policy on premium-rating regulation.

Membership / governance

Membership consists of non-life insurers licensed to underwrite in the rated lines.5 In practice this includes essentially all Japanese non-life insurers documented in this vault — Tokio Marine & Nichido Fire (where the page exists), Sompo Japan Insurance, Aioi Nissay Dowa Insurance, Sony Insurance, au Insurance, SBI Insurance, Sompo Direct, Anicom Insurance (for pet-insurance subset), Sakura Insurance, plus foreign-affiliated non-life insurers operating in the auto / fire / earthquake lines.

Governance follows the Act: a Board chaired by a non-executive figure, an actuarial committee, and operational departments specialised by line (auto-voluntary, CALI, fire, earthquake). FSA supervisory review is built into every rate-revision cycle.

相关 industry adjacency

In the non-life insurance stack, GIROJ is the statutory rating body — different from but complementary to GIAJ (industry-association layer) and Non-Life Insurance Policyholders Protection Corporation of Japan (statutory policyholder-protection backstop). The life-side counterparts are LIAJ (industry association) and Life Insurance Policyholders Protection Corporation of Japan (statutory backstop); there is no direct life-side equivalent to GIROJ because life-insurance pricing follows actuarial-mortality methodology under a different statutory route. The bank-side statutory mutual backstop is DICJ. For the rest of the industry-body / statutory-body stack see JBA, Regional Banks Association of Japan, Second Association of Regional Banks, Zenshin-kyō, Trust Companies Association of Japan, and JSDA.

Why this page matters

GIROJ is the single most consequential body to anchor for understanding how Japan’s auto-insurance premium scales, fire-insurance scales, CALI rates, and earthquake-insurance rates actually move. JapanFG entries that mention “GIROJ reference loss-cost revision” or “compulsory auto-insurance rate update” without a route anchor leave the source unclear. This page pins:

  • The two regimes: reference loss-cost (benchmark, not binding) vs standard premium rates (binding for CALI and earthquake) — a frequently conflated distinction.
  • The statutory vs industry-body distinction: GIROJ has rate-calculation authority under statutory delegation; GIAJ does not.
  • The line-by-line scope: GIROJ covers auto-voluntary, CALI, fire, and earthquake — not the full non-life book. Marine, casualty, liability, and most specialty lines are priced bilaterally by individual insurers and reinsurers without GIROJ reference rates.
  • The data-pool source: reference loss-cost relies on pooled industry data — which is why all licensed non-life insurers participate, even those that file their own custom scales.

相关

来源

[!info] Confidence note confidence: likely. Two-regime distinction (reference loss-cost vs standard premium rates), line-by-line scope (auto-voluntary, CALI, fire, earthquake), and statutory route via the Act on Non-Life Insurance Rating Organizations sourced from GIROJ’s own about and member pages plus FSA insurance supervision guideline as checked 2026-05-24. Specific rate-revision figures drift with each revision cycle and should be re-verified from GIROJ’s latest rate-revision filings before quoting.

Footnotes

  1. 損害保险料率算出団体に関する法律 (Act No. 193 of 1948), https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/323AC0000000193 ↩

  2. FSA, “保险会社向けの総合的な監督指針”, https://www.fsa.go.jp/common/law/guide/ins/ ↩

  3. FSA, “免許・許可・登録等を受けている事業者一覧”, https://www.fsa.go.jp/menkyo/menkyo.html?guid=ON ↩

  4. 損害保险料率算出機構「機構について」, https://www.giroj.or.jp/about/ ↩

  5. 損害保险料率算出機構「会員一覧」, https://www.giroj.or.jp/member/ ↩