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ERC-7702 vs ERC-4337 · Ethereum AA dual-track comparison

Confidence: Certain Updated 2026-05-26 Review by 2026-09-22 Sources 2 Machine-translated Original (JA)
#systems#wallet#aa#erc-7702#erc-4337#comparison
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This entry sits under systems index. Read it against ERC-7702 Overview · The Pectra Upgrade Where EOAs Temporarily Gain SCW Functionality for peer / contrast context and fintech index for the broader system / regulatory boundary.

Key facts

  • 4337 = new SCW creation (enabled at the application layer on 2023-03 mainnet)
  • 7702 = upgrade of existing EOAs (enabled at the protocol layer in 2025-05 Pectra)
  • Both share EntryPoint infrastructure
  • 4337 penetration < 5% (2023-2025) · 7702 is expected to spread rapidly
  • Main promoters are split: 4337 = Privy / Coinbase CDP / wallet providers · 7702 = Vitalik / Ethereum core developers / MetaMask

Mechanism / How it works

Detailed comparison of the dual track:

PerspectiveERC-4337ERC-7702
Target usersNew users / fintech embedded walletsExisting EOA users / established DeFi wallets
Migration costNew address + asset migrationZero cost · in-place upgrade
Penetration speedSlow (users must actively create an SCW)Fast (one-click upgrade possible)
Main promotersPrivy / Coinbase CDP / wallet providersVitalik / Ethereum core developers / MetaMask
Protocol-layer changeNone (pure application layer)Yes (new tx type)
Applicable scenarioMerchants issue new wallets to customersWallet apps upgrade the experience for existing users
Risk modelSecurity audit of the SCW contract itselfDual risk from delegation target contract + EOA private key

Fundamental reason for complementarity: Ethereum already has tens of millions of EOA users, and historical assets / ENS / NFTs / DeFi positions cannot be moved lightly — this is the difficulty of the 4337 path. By contrast, new users arriving through fintech (end users of Stripe / PayPal / Revolut) have never had EOAs, so issuing SCWs directly through 4337 becomes the optimal path.

Practical separation by scenario:

  • Stripe merchant issues wallets to new users → 4337 SCW (via Privy)
  • MetaMask user wants to batch approve+swap in DeFi → 7702 temporary delegation
  • Institutional multi-sig → Safe (based on 4337 Modular)
  • Advanced DeFi user authorizes a trading bot with a session key → 4337 or 7702 + ERC-7715

Origin & evolution

Between 2022-2024 年, the Ethereum AA camp debated “protocol layer vs application layer” — 4337 bet on application-layer first, while 7702 later complemented it at the protocol layer. In 2024-05 , Vitalik’s push for 7702 was an important turning point, showing that Ethereum core developers formally endorsed “protocol-layer AA is the long-term direction.”

After Pectra 2025-05 activation, mainstream wallets are expected to support it by default in 2026-Q1-Q2 , and 7702 penetration is expected to greatly exceed the historical curve of 4337 (because EOA users do not need address migration).

Sources