Japan regional bank M&A consolidation family-tree matrix

TL;DR

Post-1990 regional-bank consolidation in Japan has produced a layered map of bank holding companies, each combining one or more first-regional (“地銀”) and/or second-regional (“第二地銀”) predecessors, and in some cases a credit-cooperative / 新銀行 predecessor. This matrix collects the surviving FG name, year of FG formation, predecessor banks, prefecture coverage, capital scale, and holding-company structure for every materially active regional-bank FG in Japan as of 2026. It is the family-tree counterpart to Regional bank consolidation pattern (the why) and Japan banking-license tier comparison matrix (the what-kind-of-licence).

Wiki route

This entry sits under banking index. Read it with Regional bank consolidation pattern for the structural drivers (population, NIM, system cost, AML, digital), Regional bank API and digital partnership route for the digital-rail layer, Japan banking-license tier comparison matrix for the regional vs second-regional vs cooperative licence-tier split, and Post-megabank positioning for the largest-regional vs megabank-edge cases. The FG holding-company population is the banking INDEX. The complete FSA list of bank holding companies underpinning this matrix is the FSA 銀行持株会社一覧 PDF.

Why this family-tree matters

Regional-bank consolidation is layered. Many references say “X銀行” without specifying whether the speaker means:

the original predecessor bank (e.g. 第四銀行 1873-2020);
the post-merger successor bank (e.g. The Daishi Hokuetsu Bank);
the holding company above the operating bank (Dai-shi Hokuetsu FG 7327);
the alliance / consortium the holding company belongs to (e.g. TSUBASA, SBI Regional Bank Holdings).

Without an explicit family-tree map, the same brand name gets used for four different legal entities. This matrix forces all four levels into one consistent view so that the question “which entity am I actually talking about” can be answered before any balance-sheet or strategy claim.

Specifically, the matrix surfaces:

which FG is single-prefecture single-bank (e.g. Iyogin HD (Iyogin Holdings), Shizuoka FG, Hirogin HD, Juroku FG) — those are 単独株式移転 patterns where the holding company is essentially a single-bank wrapper;
which FG is cross-prefecture two-or-more-bank (Mebuki FG, Yokohama Financial Group (formerly Concordia Financial Group), Kyushu FG, FFG, Hokuhoku FG) — those are 共同株式移転 patterns combining banks across prefecture lines;
which FG was formed by a rescue M&A (Jimoto HD gaining RCC majority 2024-06; Tomony Holdings (Tomony HD) absorbing 大正銀行 2017; Mebuki FG joining a Resona / DICJ-resolved 足利銀行 lineage);
which FG combines a first-regional + second-regional mix vs a pair of same-tier banks;
which FG belongs to a wider consortium (SBI Regional Bank Holdings equity-alliance ring; the Resona-group cluster around Kansai Mirai Bank and Minato Bank).

This family-tree feeds directly into the licence-tier matrix Japan banking-license tier comparison matrix (every row here is in Tier 2 第一地銀 or Tier 3 第二地銀) and into the cooperative-banking matrix Japan cooperative-banking unified federation matrix (the cooperative-bank consolidations sit on a separate axis from the holding-company route described here).

Cross-FG family-tree comparison table

FG (holding company)	Code	Year formed	Predecessor banks (tier)	Prefecture coverage	Operating-bank pattern	Cap scale
Mebuki FG	7167	2016-10	常陽銀行 (1地銀) + 足利HD / 足利銀行 (1地銀, 2003 失効/再生経歴)	茨城 + 栃木 + 首都圏	2-bank umbrella (no legal merger)	Large (北関東2県メガリージョナル)
Yokohama Financial Group (formerly Concordia Financial Group)	7186	2016-04 (商号変更 2025-10)	横浜銀行 (1地銀) + 東日本銀行 (2地銀)	神奈川 + 首都圏	2-bank umbrella	Largest single-FG class (預金 ~¥19.7tn, FY2024)
Kyushu FG	7180	2015-10	Higo Bank (1地銀, 熊本) + Kagoshima Bank (1地銀, 鹿児島)	熊本 + 鹿児島	2-bank umbrella	Large (九州南部2強)
Fukuoka FG (FFG)	8354	2007-04	The Bank of Fukuoka (1地銀) + 熊本ファミリー銀行 (現 Kumamoto Bank) + Eighteenth Shinwa Bank, Ltd. (旧十八銀行 2007合流 → 親和銀行 2007 合流 → 2020-10 銀行合併) + みんなの銀行 (BaaS デジタルバンク, 2021-05開業)	福岡 + 熊本 + 長崎 + 全国デジタル	4-bank umbrella + digital-bank	Top-class (預金 ~¥21.9tn, FY2025)
Hokuhoku FG	8377	2003-09 (旧ほくぎん FG) → 2004-09 統合	The Hokuriku Bank (1地銀, 富山) + The Hokkaido Bank (1地銀, 札幌)	富山 + 石川 + 福井 + 北海道	2-bank umbrella	Mid-large (離れた地域の連合の嚆矢)
Yamaguchi FG	8418	2006-10 (単独株式移転)	Yamaguchi FG (1地銀, 下関) + Momiji Bank (2地銀, 広島, 2001 山口系列入り) + The Kitakyushu Bank (1地銀, 2011-10 新設分割)	山口 + 広島 + 北九州	3-bank umbrella (3 brand)	Mid (中国西部 + 関門)
San ju San Financial Group	7322	2018-04 (株式移転) → 2021-05 子銀行合併	三重銀行 (2地銀) + 第三銀行 (2地銀)	三重 + 名古屋圏一部	1-operating-bank (post-merger)	Mid-small (三重県中堅)
Iyogin HD (Iyogin Holdings)	5830	2022-10 (単独株式移転)	Iyo Bank (1地銀, 1878 前身)	愛媛	1-bank umbrella	Mid-large (四国最大級, 海運・造船融資)
Hirogin HD	7337	2020-10 (単独株式移転)	広島銀行 (1地銀, 1950 前身芸備銀行 1945-)	広島 + 山陽 + 山陰	1-bank umbrella	Mid-large (広島県 No.1)
Hokkoku Fhd (現 CCI Group)	7381	2021-10 (単独株式移転); 商号 2025-10 → CCI	The Hokkoku Bank (1地銀, 石川, 1943 設立)	石川 + 富山 + 福井	1-bank umbrella + 新会社 (BaaS / DX)	Mid (地銀 DX リーダー)
Juroku FG	7380	2021-10 (単独株式移転)	十六銀行 (1地銀, 1877 第十六国立銀行)	岐阜 + 愛知西部	1-bank umbrella	Mid (岐阜県 No.1)
Dai-shi Hokuetsu FG	7327	2018-10 (共同株式移転) → 2021-01 子銀行合併	第四銀行 (1地銀, 1873 第四国立銀行) + 北越銀行 (1地銀, 1942 設立)	新潟 + 首都圏一部	1-operating-bank (The Daishi Hokuetsu Bank)	Mid-large (新潟一県一行型)
Aichi FG	7389	2022-10 (共同株式移転) → 子銀行合併	Aichi Bank (2地銀) + Chukyo Bank (2地銀)	愛知 + 中京	1-operating-bank (あいち銀行)	Mid (名古屋・中京)
Shizuoka FG	5831	2022-10 (単独株式移転)	静岡銀行 (1地銀)	静岡 + 県外拠点	1-bank umbrella	Mid-large (静岡県 No.1, 製造業集積地)
Tomony Holdings (Tomony HD)	8600	2010-04 (共同株式移転) → 2017 大正銀行子会社化 → 2020-01 Tokushima Taisho Bank誕生	徳島銀行 (2地銀) + 香川銀行 (2地銀, 1989普銀転換) + 大正銀行 (2地銀, 大阪, 2017合流)	徳島 + 香川 + 大阪	2-bank umbrella (Tokushima Taisho Bank + The Kagawa Bank)	Mid-small (四国 + 関西第二地銀)
ProCrea Holdings (ProCrea HD)	7384	2022-04 (共同株式移転) → 2025-01 銀行合併 (青森みちのく銀行)	ProCrea Holdings (ProCrea HD) (1地銀) + ProCrea Holdings (ProCrea HD) (1地銀)	青森 + 北東北 + 道南	1-operating-bank (post-merger, 独禁特例法初適用)	Mid-small (北東北統合モデルケース)
Tokyo Kiraboshi FG	7173	2014-10 (旧東京 TY FG) → 2016-04 新銀行東京統合 → 2018-05 銀行3行合併 + FG 改称	東京都民銀行 + 八千代銀行 + 新銀行東京 (旧石原都政新銀行)	東京 (都内特化) + 神奈川一部 + 千葉一部	1-operating-bank (Kiraboshi Bank) + UI 銀行 (デジタル)	Mid (東京特化地銀, 唯一)
Fidea HD	8713	2009-10 (共同株式移転) → 2027-01 銀行合併予定 (フィデア銀行)	The Shonai Bank (1地銀, 山形, 1878 第六十七国立銀行) + Hokuto Bank (1地銀, 秋田, 1895 第四十八国立銀行系)	山形 + 秋田 + 仙台統括	2-bank umbrella → 1-bank merger (2027-01 予定)	Mid-small (東北県境越え嚆矢)
Jimoto HD	7161 (STD)	2012-10 (株式移転, 震災で1年延期) → 2020-11 SBI 出資 → 2024-06 RCC 議決権 63.52% 取得	Kirayaka Bank (2地銀, 山形) + Sendai Bank (2地銀, 宮城)	山形 + 宮城	2-bank umbrella, 公的資金 RCC 体制	Mid-small (北東北第二地銀, 公的資金返済 13 年延期 2024-09)
Nishi Nippon Fhd	7189	2016-10 (単独株式移転)	Nishi-Nippon City Bank (1地銀, 福岡) + The Nagasaki Bank (2地銀, 長崎, 2006-04 子会社化)	福岡 + 大分 + 佐賀 + 長崎 + 熊本	2-bank umbrella	Mid-large (福岡 2 大地銀の一角)
SBI Regional Bank Holdings	(非公開, SBI HD 8473 下)	2020-12 設立	SBI Shinsei Bank (2023-09 完全子会社化) + 筑邦銀 / 清水銀 / 大東銀 / 福島銀 / Shimane Bank / 仙台銀 / 筑波銀 / 東和銀 / きらやか銀等パートナー地銀 10 行+	全国分散 + デジタル	”第4のメガバンク構想” alliance	Mid (商業銀行コア + 緩やか連合)
Kansai Mirai Bank (operating bank)	—	2019-04 銀行合併 (旧関西アーバン銀 + 近畿大阪銀) → 2021-04 Minato Bankと共に Resona HD 100%子会社化	旧関西アーバン銀行 + 旧近畿大阪銀行 (両者 2地銀 + 1地銀 mix)	大阪 + 兵庫 (みなと銀並列)	Resona group Kansai operating bank (HD = Resona HD)	Large (Resona group 関西地盤)
TD HD (注: 名称類似が紛らわしいがここは Dai-shi Hokuetsu FG と別物。本表での “TD HD” は user 仕様で dai-shi-hokuetsu-fg と同一扱いとする)	—	同上	同上	同上	同上	同上

Note on TD HD vs T&D HD: T&D Holdings (8795) is a life-insurance holding company (太陽 + 大同生保), not a regional-bank FG. Where this matrix mentions “TD HD” as a regional-bank reference, it points to Dai-shi Hokuetsu FG (Daishi-Hokuetsu) per user spec. See T&D HD for the life-insurance entity boundary.

Cross-axis: which FG combined which tier of predecessor banks

Combination pattern	Examples	Notes
1地銀 + 1地銀 (cross-prefecture umbrella)	Mebuki FG (常陽 + 足利), Kyushu FG (肥後 + 鹿児島), Hokuhoku FG (北陸 + 北海道), Dai-shi Hokuetsu FG (第四 + 北越), ProCrea Holdings (ProCrea HD) (青森 + みちのく), Fidea HD (荘内 + 北都)	The dominant cross-prefecture FG pattern
1地銀 + 2地銀 (cross-tier umbrella)	Yokohama Financial Group (formerly Concordia Financial Group) (横浜 1地銀 + 東日本 2地銀), Nishi Nippon Fhd (西日本シティ 1地銀 + 長崎銀 2地銀), FFG (福岡 1地銀 + 熊本 + 18親和 1地銀系)	Common in same-prefecture or adjacent-prefecture combinations
2地銀 + 2地銀	San ju San Financial Group (三重 + 第三), Aichi FG (愛知 + 中京), Tomony Holdings (Tomony HD) (徳島 + 香川 + 大正), Jimoto HD (きらやか + 仙台)	The 1989-conversion-era 第二地銀 universe consolidating
Single-bank-wrapper (単独株式移転)	YMFG (山口単独 → 後にもみじ / 北九州取込), Iyogin HD (Iyogin Holdings) (伊予単独), Shizuoka FG (静岡単独), Juroku FG (十六単独), Hirogin HD (広島単独), Hokkoku Fhd (北國単独), Nishi Nippon Fhd (西日本シティ単独後長崎取込)	Single-bank wrapper for resource flexibility, M&A optionality
Multi-bank + 第三勢力 (公的勢力 / 新銀行 / 統合特例)	Tokyo Kiraboshi FG (都民 + 八千代 + 新銀行東京), ProCrea Holdings (ProCrea HD) (独禁特例法初適用), Jimoto HD (RCC 議決権取得)	Each pattern reflects a specific public / regulatory inflection
Group operating bank under non-regional HD	Kansai Mirai Bank + Minato Bank under Resona HD; Saitama Resona Bank	Operating banks inside a megabank-edge group (Resona sits between regional and megabank)
Equity-alliance / consortium (no operating-FG umbrella)	SBI Regional Bank Holdings‘s パートナー地銀 ring (筑邦 / 清水 / 大東 / 福島 / 島根 / 仙台 / 筑波 / 東和 / きらやか + SBI Shinsei Bank)	The “第4のメガバンク構想” alliance model

How to read this matrix

Pick the FG (holding-company) row first. The FG is the legal entity that issues holdings of underlying banks, signs M&A documents, and reports consolidated capital adequacy under FSA banking-holding-company supervision. This is the unit at which strategy gets executed.
Read the predecessor-bank column. This tells you whether the FG is a single-bank wrapper (e.g. Iyogin HD (Iyogin Holdings), Shizuoka FG) or a true multi-bank consolidation (FFG, Yokohama Financial Group (formerly Concordia Financial Group)).
Check the operating-bank pattern column. A 2-bank umbrella keeps two operating banks alive under one FG; a 1-operating-bank pattern means the constituent banks have already merged legally (The Daishi Hokuetsu Bank under DHFG).
Check the prefecture coverage column. Single-prefecture FGs (Shizuoka FG, Hirogin HD, Juroku FG) are local-platform plays; cross-prefecture FGs (Mebuki FG, Hokuhoku FG, Kyushu FG) are regional-platform plays; nationwide-coverage FGs (SBI Regional Bank Holdings consortium) are digital-platform plays.
Cross-check with regional-bank API and digital partnership route to see how the same FGs sit on the digital-rail axis (FFG‘s みんなの銀行 BaaS, CCI / Hokkoku‘s Tonari, Tokyo Kiraboshi FG‘s UI 銀行).

Key consolidation events as turning points

2003-09 → 2004-09 Hokuhoku FG (北陸 + 北海道). First “離れた地域の地銀どうしの広域連合” model in Japan banking history.
2003-11-29 足利銀行破綻 → 一時国有化 → 2008-07 民間譲渡 (野村ファンド + ネクスト・キャピタル等) → 2008-12 足利 HD → 2016-10 Mebuki FG 合流. The post-failure rehabilitation arc that later joined a healthy partner under an FG umbrella.
2007-04 FFG 発足 (福岡 + 熊本ファミリー). Set the template for 1地銀-led cross-prefecture FG.
2009-10 Fidea HD (荘内 + 北都). First cross-prefecture FG in 東日本.
2010-04 Tomony Holdings (Tomony HD) (徳島 + 香川). Second-regional cross-prefecture FG, later expanded by 2017 大正銀 rescue → 2020-01 徳島大正銀行誕生.
2014-10 → 2016-04 → 2018-05 Tokyo Kiraboshi FG. 都民 + 八千代 → +新銀行東京 → 3行合併 (Tokyo metropolitan area special case combining the 都政の新銀行東京 outcome).
2015-10 Kyushu FG (肥後 + 鹿児島). Cross-prefecture 2強連合 in southern Kyushu.
2016-04 Yokohama Financial Group (formerly Concordia Financial Group) (横浜 + 東日本). Cross-tier (1地銀 + 2地銀) cross-prefecture umbrella for the largest single-FG class.
2016-10 Mebuki FG (常陽 + 足利 HD). Cross-prefecture combination with a post-failure-resolution partner.
2018-04 → 2021-05 San ju San Financial Group (三重 + 第三 → 三十三銀行). 2地銀 + 2地銀 with full legal merger.
2018-10 → 2021-01 Dai-shi Hokuetsu FG (第四 + 北越 → 第四北越銀行). New 一県一行 model in 新潟.
2020-12 SBI Regional Bank Holdings 設立. The “第4のメガバンク構想” non-FG alliance model.
2022-04 → 2025-01 ProCrea Holdings (ProCrea HD) (青森 + みちのく). 独禁特例法 (令和2年法律第32号) 初適用 for prefectural-monopoly clearance.
2024-06-20 Jimoto HD RCC 議決権 63.52% 取得. Public-money supervision intensified for the 2地銀 FG.
2025-10 Yokohama Financial Group (formerly Concordia Financial Group) 商号変更 (旧コンコルディア → 横浜 FG).
2025-10 Hokkoku Fhd → CCI Group 商号変更. Digital-platform pivot reflected in the corporate name.

Capital-scale tiering inside the regional-bank FG universe

For ordering purposes within this matrix (not a ranking, just a scale-class lens):

Scale class	FGs in this band	Approximate deposits class
Top (¥20tn+ deposits)	Yokohama Financial Group (formerly Concordia Financial Group) (~~¥19.7tn FY2024); FFG (~~¥21.9tn FY2025)	¥20tn class
Large (¥10-20tn)	Mebuki FG, Shizuoka FG, Iyogin HD (Iyogin Holdings), Hirogin HD, Kyushu FG, Dai-shi Hokuetsu FG, Nishi Nippon Fhd	¥10-20tn class
Mid (¥5-10tn)	Hokuhoku FG, YMFG, Juroku FG, Hokkoku Fhd, Tokyo Kiraboshi FG	¥5-10tn class
Mid-small (¥3-5tn)	San ju San Financial Group, Aichi FG, Tomony Holdings (Tomony HD), ProCrea Holdings (ProCrea HD)	¥3-5tn class
Small (<¥3tn)	Jimoto HD, Fidea HD	<¥3tn class

Note: All scale-class numbers are public-domain summary anchors and move over time with FY disclosure cycles; consult the individual FG IR for current figures.

Predecessor-to-successor mapping (the family-tree pairs)

The single most useful inversion of the matrix is “given a predecessor bank, which FG is the current parent”. This table inverts the FG-keyed view above.

Predecessor bank (tier)	Year of FG entry	Current FG (holding-company)	Current operating bank
常陽銀行 (1地銀, 茨城)	2016-10	Mebuki FG (7167)	Joyo Bank (operating)
足利銀行 (1地銀, 栃木; 2003-11 一時国有化 → 2008-07 民間譲渡)	2016-10 (via 足利 HD)	Mebuki FG	Ashikaga Bank (operating)
横浜銀行 (1地銀, 神奈川)	2016-04	Yokohama Financial Group (formerly Concordia Financial Group) (旧コンコルディア, 7186)	Bank of Yokohama
東日本銀行 (2地銀, 東京)	2016-04	Yokohama Financial Group (formerly Concordia Financial Group)	The Higashi-Nippon Bank
Higo Bank (1地銀, 熊本)	2015-10	Kyushu FG (7180)	Higo Bank
Kagoshima Bank (1地銀, 鹿児島)	2015-10	Kyushu FG	Kagoshima Bank
The Bank of Fukuoka (1地銀, 福岡)	2007-04	FFG (8354)	The Bank of Fukuoka
熊本ファミリー銀行 → Kumamoto Bank (2地銀, 熊本)	2007-04	FFG	Kumamoto Bank
十八銀行 (1地銀, 長崎, 1877 創立)	2007 (via 親和合流), 2020-10 合併	FFG	Eighteenth Shinwa Bank, Ltd.
親和銀行 (1地銀, 長崎, 1939 設立)	2007 (via 親和合流), 2020-10 合併	FFG	Eighteenth Shinwa Bank, Ltd.
The Hokuriku Bank (1地銀, 富山, 1877 第十二国立銀行)	2003-09 / 2004-09	Hokuhoku FG (8377)	The Hokuriku Bank
The Hokkaido Bank (1地銀, 札幌, 1951 設立)	2004-09	Hokuhoku FG	The Hokkaido Bank
Yamaguchi FG (1地銀, 下関, 1944 設立)	2006-10 (単独)	YMFG (8418)	Yamaguchi FG
Momiji Bank (2地銀, 広島, 2001 設立: 広島総合 + せとうち)	2001 系列入り, 2006 FG	YMFG	Momiji Bank
The Kitakyushu Bank (1地銀, 北九州市, 2011-10 新設分割)	2011-10 設立	YMFG	The Kitakyushu Bank
三重銀行 (2地銀, 三重)	2018-04	San ju San Financial Group (7322)	三十三銀行 (2021-05 合併後)
第三銀行 (2地銀, 三重)	2018-04	San ju San Financial Group	三十三銀行 (2021-05 合併後)
Iyo Bank (1地銀, 愛媛, 1878 前身)	2022-10 (単独)	Iyogin HD (Iyogin Holdings) (5830)	Iyo Bank
広島銀行 (1地銀, 広島, 1950 設立)	2020-10 (単独)	Hirogin HD (7337)	広島銀行
The Hokkoku Bank (1地銀, 石川, 1943 設立)	2021-10 (単独)	Hokkoku Fhd / CCI Group (7381)	The Hokkoku Bank
十六銀行 (1地銀, 岐阜, 1877 第十六国立銀行)	2021-10 (単独)	Juroku FG (7380)	十六銀行
第四銀行 (1地銀, 新潟, 1873 第四国立銀行)	2018-10	Dai-shi Hokuetsu FG (7327)	The Daishi Hokuetsu Bank (2021-01 合併後)
北越銀行 (1地銀, 新潟, 1942 設立)	2018-10	Dai-shi Hokuetsu FG	The Daishi Hokuetsu Bank
Aichi Bank (2地銀, 愛知, 1910 前身)	2022-10	Aichi FG (7389)	あいち銀行 (子銀行合併後)
Chukyo Bank (2地銀, 愛知, 1953 設立)	2022-10	Aichi FG	あいち銀行
静岡銀行 (1地銀, 静岡)	2022-10 (単独)	Shizuoka FG (5831)	静岡銀行
徳島銀行 (2地銀, 徳島, 1944 設立)	2010-04	Tomony Holdings (Tomony HD) (8600)	Tokushima Taisho Bank (2020-01 合併後)
香川銀行 (2地銀, 香川, 1943 香川無尽 → 1989 普銀転換)	2010-04	Tomony Holdings (Tomony HD)	The Kagawa Bank
大正銀行 (2地銀, 大阪, 1922 設立)	2017 (救済), 2020-01 合併	Tomony Holdings (Tomony HD)	Tokushima Taisho Bank
ProCrea Holdings (ProCrea HD) (1地銀, 青森)	2022-04	ProCrea Holdings (ProCrea HD) (7384)	青森みちのく銀行 (2025-01 合併後)
ProCrea Holdings (ProCrea HD) (1地銀, 青森)	2022-04	ProCrea Holdings (ProCrea HD)	青森みちのく銀行
東京都民銀行 (2地銀, 東京)	2014-10	Tokyo Kiraboshi FG (7173)	Kiraboshi Bank (2018-05 3 行合併後)
八千代銀行 (2地銀, 東京)	2014-10	Tokyo Kiraboshi FG	Kiraboshi Bank
新銀行東京 (旧石原都政新銀行)	2016-04	Tokyo Kiraboshi FG	Kiraboshi Bank
The Shonai Bank (1地銀, 山形, 1878 第六十七国立銀行)	2009-10	Fidea HD (8713)	フィデア銀行 (2027-01 合併予定); 現在は The Shonai Bank operating
Hokuto Bank (1地銀, 秋田, 1895 第四十八国立銀行系)	2009-10	Fidea HD	フィデア銀行 (2027-01 予定); 現在は Hokuto Bank operating
Kirayaka Bank (2地銀, 山形)	2012-10	Jimoto HD (7161 STD)	Kirayaka Bank
Sendai Bank (2地銀, 宮城)	2012-10	Jimoto HD	Sendai Bank
Nishi-Nippon City Bank (1地銀, 福岡)	2016-10 (単独)	Nishi Nippon Fhd (7189)	Nishi-Nippon City Bank
The Nagasaki Bank (2地銀, 長崎)	2006-04 子会社化, 2016-10 FG	Nishi Nippon Fhd	The Nagasaki Bank

Decision use — which FG-row to focus on for a given question

Question	Focus FGs
Cross-prefecture 1地銀+1地銀 statesmanship pattern	Mebuki FG, Kyushu FG, Hokuhoku FG, Dai-shi Hokuetsu FG
Cross-tier 1地銀+2地銀 same-prefecture rescue	Yokohama Financial Group (formerly Concordia Financial Group) (横浜+東日本), Nishi Nippon Fhd (西日本+長崎), FFG (福岡+熊本)
Multi-bank umbrella with 4+ banks	FFG (福岡+熊本+18親和+みんなの銀行)
Single-bank wrapper (M&A optionality)	Iyogin HD (Iyogin Holdings), Shizuoka FG, Juroku FG, Hirogin HD, Hokkoku Fhd
Three-bank multi-brand under one FG	YMFG (山口+もみじ+北九州)
Public-money / RCC supervised case	Jimoto HD (RCC 議決権 63.52% 2024-06; 公的資金返済 13 年延期 2024-09)
独禁特例法 (令和2年法律第32号) first application	ProCrea Holdings (ProCrea HD) (青森+みちのく, 2022-04 → 2025-01 銀行合併)
Tokyo metro special case	Tokyo Kiraboshi FG (都民+八千代+新銀行東京)
Long-arc multi-step merger	Tomony Holdings (Tomony HD) (徳島+香川 → +大正 → 徳島大正合併)
Digital / BaaS / DX leadership	FFG (みんなの銀行), Hokkoku Fhd (Tonari), Tokyo Kiraboshi FG (UI 銀行)
Equity-alliance ring (not an FG umbrella)	SBI Regional Bank Holdings
Megabank-edge group with regional-bank operating subs	Resona HD (Kansai Mirai Bank + Minato Bank)
Pending future legal merger	Fidea HD (2027-01 荘内+北都 → フィデア銀行)

In addition to the formal FG / holding-company route, several regional banks participate in non-holding cooperative alliances. These are not on the same axis as FG consolidation but are important to read together:

Alliance / system	Purpose	Member banks (partial)
TSUBASA Alliance (TSUBASA アライアンス)	System / IT cost sharing, products, FX, treasury cooperation	千葉銀, 中国銀, 第四北越銀, 伊予銀, 北越銀 (pre-2021), 武蔵野銀, 滋賀銀, 北洋銀, 七十七銀, 山陰合同銀 + more
Chiba-Yokohama Partnership	千葉銀 + Bank of Yokohama business cooperation (2019-, 24-28 二期目 250 億円効果目標)	千葉銀, Bank of Yokohama
Hiroshima-Yamaguchi cooperation	Hirogin HD + YMFG regional cooperation context	Hirogin HD, YMFG
Yokohama-YMFG cooperation (2021-)	Cross-region (神奈川 + 山口 + 広島 + 北九州)	Yokohama Financial Group (formerly Concordia Financial Group), YMFG
Regional banks system-shared via 共同 IT vendors	Multiple regional banks share Hitachi / NTT Data / IBM 勘定系 platforms	Wide membership across FGs
SBI Regional Bank Holdings equity alliance	”第4のメガバンク構想” non-FG capital + product cooperation	Partner banks list: 筑邦, 清水, 大東, 福島, Shimane Bank, 仙台 (Jimoto HD), 筑波, 東和, きらやか (Jimoto HD) + SBI Shinsei Bank commercial core

These alliances complicate the family-tree picture: a regional bank can be in one FG AND in one or more cross-FG alliances simultaneously. The TSUBASA Alliance in particular spans multiple FGs (千葉銀 stays independent, Dai-shi Hokuetsu FG FG, 北洋 group, etc.) and is an important system-cost layer on top of the FG layer.

Holding-company FSA permission process

FSA bank holding company permission under the Banking Act involves:

Banking Act prior approval for forming a new bank holding company (no automatic right; FSA review).
Capital adequacy required on a consolidated basis (Basel III consolidated reporting; BIS / domestic-standard depending on whether internationally active).
Governance review including the holding company board structure, internal-audit framework, group risk management.
Group business strategy disclosure including the role of each subsidiary bank.
Period for completion: typically 6-12 months from announcement to FG-set-up; sometimes longer in cross-prefecture or competition-cleared cases (Eighteenth Shinwa Bank, Ltd. was delayed 3 years for 公取委 review).
Post-FG ongoing supervision: FSA inspects the holding company and the operating bank subsidiaries together; consolidated capital adequacy reporting is at the holding company.

The 2021 Banking Act 改正 made it modestly easier for regional banks to invest in subsidiaries (regional revitalization, digital banking, consulting) — this lowered the operational friction of using the holding-company structure for non-bank investments. Multiple FGs (Yokohama Financial Group (formerly Concordia Financial Group), FFG, Hokkoku Fhd, Tokyo Kiraboshi FG) have actively used the expanded scope for digital / consulting / venture-investment subsidiaries.

Why consolidation accelerated post-2015

Multiple structural drivers compressed the regional-bank universe through holding-company consolidation:

Population decline in prefectures outside the Tokyo-Osaka corridor reduces deposit / loan base.
Negative interest-rate environment (BoJ 2016-) compressed regional-bank net interest margins.
Rising compliance / AML / cyber / digital costs that small regional banks cannot fund on their own.
System investment requirements that scale to group-level shared platforms.
Public-policy nudges: FSA supervision posture; 2020 独禁特例法 reducing antitrust obstacles to same-prefecture mergers; 2021 Banking Act expansion of subsidiary-investment scope.
Demographic pressure on banking labour markets: difficulty hiring specialist staff at independent regional banks.
Business-succession demand at SME customers: requires consultative capability that scales better at group level.
Cross-prefecture cooperation precedents like Hokuhoku FG proved feasibility of geographic non-adjacency.

The combination of these drivers produced the wave of FGs documented in this matrix — most concentrated in 2014-2022. The wave continues, with Fidea HD planning 2027-01 銀行合併 as one of the next milestones.

Boundary cases and caveats

T&D HD (8795) ≠ TD HD / Daishi-Hokuetsu. T&D Holdings is a life-insurance holding company (太陽 + 大同). Per the user spec, this matrix uses “TD HD” as a label pointing to Dai-shi Hokuetsu FG for the regional-bank context. Real-world references to “TD HD” are almost always the life-insurance entity unless explicitly stated otherwise.
Hokuyo Bank is now Hokuyo Bank under Hokuyo Bank / NTT DOCOMO Financial Group (NDFG); the historic Sapporo + Hokkaido city-bank consolidation belongs to a slightly earlier wave than this matrix’s main focus, but the entity sits in the same regional-bank universe.
Resona HD vs regional-bank FG. Resona is a megabank-edge / D-SIB-designated entity in the licence-tier matrix, but it operates Kansai Mirai Bank and Minato Bank as regional-bank operating subsidiaries. This means the same group spans both the megabank tier (parent Resona / Resona Bank / Saitama Resona Bank) and the regional-bank tier (Kansai operating banks).
SBI Regional Bank Holdings is not a bank holding company in the traditional FSA sense for all partners. It is a strategic alliance and equity-investment platform anchored on SBI Shinsei Bank (legally a 普通銀行 wholly owned since 2023-09). Partner regional banks (筑邦 / 清水 / 大東 / 福島 / Shimane Bank / 仙台 / 筑波 / 東和 / きらやか) retain their independent FSA-licensed legal entities and are not consolidated into SBI 地銀 HD on a normal banking-holding-company basis. Per public disclosure (Wikipedia「SBI地銀ホールディングス」), SBI ownership stakes vary widely by partner — roughly 1% (東和銀) at the low end up to ~34% (福島銀) and top-shareholder positions (島根銀 ~21%, じもと HD ~12%), with several partners (清水銀 ~2.5%, 大東銀 ~2.8%, 東北銀 ~2.9%, 筑邦銀 ~2.9%) in the low-single-digit range.
Operating banks vs holdings: name reuse. Yokohama Financial Group (formerly Concordia Financial Group) is the holding company; Bank of Yokohama is the operating bank under it. Dai-shi Hokuetsu FG is the holding company; The Daishi Hokuetsu Bank is the operating bank. References that say “横浜銀行” or “第四北越銀行” mean the operating bank, not the FG.
One-prefecture-one-bank vs multi-bank umbrella. A 単独株式移転 single-bank wrapper is not the same business model as a 共同株式移転 multi-bank umbrella. The single-bank wrapper preserves M&A optionality and capital-allocation flexibility but does not by itself reduce branch / system cost; the multi-bank umbrella delivers system / branch consolidation potential if the constituent banks legally merge later.
Pending or planned merger steps. Several FGs are mid-arc: Fidea HD plans 荘内 + 北都 → フィデア銀行 in 2027-01; ProCrea Holdings (ProCrea HD) completed 青森 + みちのく → 青森みちのく銀行 in 2025-01. These planned events shift the operating-bank-pattern column over time.
Bank holding company official list. The full FSA-published 銀行持株会社一覧 PDF is the authoritative source for the FG entity list at any point in time. Use it to verify entity-name canonicality before citing this matrix.

Sources

FSA: 銀行免許一覧 (ginkou.xlsx).
FSA: 銀行持株会社一覧 (ginkoumochikabu.pdf).
FSA: regional bank consolidation policy materials and FY annual results summaries (2024-06-28, 2025-06-12).
全国銀行協会 (Zenginkyo): Financial Institutions in Japan.
全国地方銀行協会 (Chiginkyo): industry-body roster of first-tier regional banks.
第二地方銀行協会 (Dai-ni Chigin Kyo): industry-body roster of second-tier regional banks.
Holding-company IR disclosures for each FG referenced in this matrix (decision short reports, kessanshorshin, integrated reports).
独占禁止法特例法 (令和2年法律第32号) official documentation for the ProCrea Holdings (ProCrea HD) precedent.
Public reporting on Jimoto HD RCC supervision (2024-06 majority acquisition; 2024-09 公的資金 13-year deferral, FSA approval).
Wikipedia「SBI地銀ホールディングス」(https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/SBI地銀ホールディングス, 2026-05-29 参照) — SBI partner-bank equity stakes: 福島銀 ~34.2%, 島根銀 ~20.9%, じもと HD ~12.4%, 清水銀 ~2.5%, 大東銀 ~2.8%, 東北銀 ~2.9%, 筑邦銀 ~2.9%, 東和銀 ~1.0%.